Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)

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What is Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)?

Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) is a key metric for subscription-based businesses that measures the annual value of ongoing, predictable revenue from customers. ARR includes only recurring elements like subscription fees and excludes one-time revenues like implementation fees or consulting services.

ARR is particularly important for SaaS companies (Software as a Service) and other subscription-based business models where customer relationships are long-term and revenues come at regular intervals.

For sales organizations, ARR is often the primary metric used to measure salesperson performance and calculate commission. This is because ARR better reflects the long-term value of a sale than a one-time transaction.

Why Does ARR Matter?

ARR is one of the most important metrics for subscription businesses for several reasons:

Predictability

ARR provides a clear picture of the company's expected annual revenue from existing customer relationships. This makes budgeting and forecasting more reliable.

Growth Measurement

By tracking ARR over time, companies can measure their growth rate and compare with industry benchmarks. A healthy SaaS company typically targets 20-50%+ annual ARR growth.

Investor Appeal

Investors often value SaaS companies as a multiple of ARR. The higher the ARR and growth rate, the higher the valuation.

Sales Compensation

ARR is typically used as the basis for calculating sales commissions because it captures the full value of a subscription sale rather than just the first month's payment.

Calculating ARR

ARR is calculated by annualizing Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR):

ARR = MRR × 12

Alternatively, ARR can be calculated directly from annual subscription values:

ARR = Sum of all active annual subscription values

Example 1: Single Subscription

  • Customer pays $200/month
  • MRR: $200
  • ARR: $200 × 12 = $2,400

Example 2: Multiple Customers

  • Customer A: $500/month = $6,000 ARR
  • Customer B: $1,200/month = $14,400 ARR
  • Customer C: $350/month = $4,200 ARR
  • Total ARR: $24,600

Example 3: Annual Subscription

  • Customer pays $18,000 annually
  • ARR: $18,000
  • MRR: $18,000 / 12 = $1,500

ARR Components

To understand ARR development, it's important to know the different components:

New ARR

New ARR comes from completely new customers who haven't previously been paying. This is typically the primary focus for sales commissions.

Expansion ARR

Expansion ARR comes from existing customers who upgrade their subscription, buy more licenses, or add new products. Also called upsell or cross-sell ARR.

Churned ARR

Churned ARR is the ARR lost when customers cancel their subscription. High churn reduces net ARR growth.

Contraction ARR

Contraction ARR occurs when existing customers downgrade their subscription or reduce the number of licenses.

Net New ARR

Net New ARR is the total net change:

Net New ARR = New ARR + Expansion ARR - Churned ARR - Contraction ARR

ARR and Sales Commissions

In most SaaS companies, ARR is used as the basis for commission calculation. Here are typical models:

Model 1: Commission on New ARR

  • Commission rate: 10% of new ARR
  • Rep closes deal for $50,000 ARR
  • Commission: $50,000 × 10% = $5,000

Model 2: Commission on TCV (Total Contract Value)

  • Commission rate: 8% of TCV
  • Rep closes 3-year contract for $50,000 ARR
  • TCV: $50,000 × 3 = $150,000
  • Commission: $150,000 × 8% = $12,000

Model 3: First-Year Commission

  • Commission rate: 10% of first-year ARR
  • Rep closes deal for $50,000 ARR
  • Commission: $50,000 × 10% = $5,000 (regardless of contract length)

ARR-Based Quotas

Salesperson quotas are often set in ARR. Here's an example quota structure:

Account Executive - Annual Quota

  • Annual ARR quota: $400,000
  • Quarterly quota: $100,000
  • OTE: $140,000 ($80,000 base + $60,000 variable)
  • Pay mix: 57/43
  • Commission rate at target: $60,000 / $400,000 = 15%

Quarterly Commission at 100% Quota

  • Quarterly quota: $100,000 new ARR
  • Quarterly commission: $100,000 × 15% = $15,000
  • Base salary (3 months): $20,000
  • Total quarterly compensation: $35,000

ARR vs. Other Revenue Metrics

It's important to understand the difference between ARR and other revenue metrics:

ARR vs. MRR

  • ARR = Annual Recurring Revenue
  • MRR = Monthly Recurring Revenue
  • ARR = MRR × 12
  • MRR is often used for short-term goals, ARR for long-term

ARR vs. ACV (Annual Contract Value)

  • ARR = Only recurring revenue
  • ACV = Can include one-time fees annualized
  • Example: $50,000 ARR + $10,000 implementation = $60,000 ACV

ARR vs. TCV (Total Contract Value)

  • ARR = One year's recurring value
  • TCV = Total contract value over entire period
  • Example: $50,000 ARR on 3-year contract = $150,000 TCV

ARR Benchmarks

Here are typical ARR benchmarks for SaaS companies:

Growth Rates

  • Seed stage: 200%+ annual growth
  • Series A: 100-200% annual growth
  • Series B+: 50-100% annual growth
  • Mature company: 20-40% annual growth

Net Revenue Retention (NRR)

  • Good: 100-110%
  • Strong: 110-130%
  • Exceptional: 130%+

ARR per Sales Rep

  • SMB focus: $300,000-$600,000 new ARR/year
  • Mid-market: $600,000-$1,200,000 new ARR/year
  • Enterprise: $1,200,000-$3,000,000+ new ARR/year

Rule of 40

The Rule of 40 states that a healthy SaaS company's growth rate plus profit margin should equal or exceed 40%. For example, 30% ARR growth + 10% profit margin = 40%.

Best Practices for ARR-Based Commissions

When designing commission plans based on ARR, consider:

1. Define What Counts

Be clear about which products and deal types count toward ARR quota. Do you include discounts? Freemium conversions? Partner deals?

2. Handle Multi-Year Contracts

Decide whether commission is calculated on first-year ARR or TCV. Multi-year deals can either get a bonus or a lower rate.

3. Include Expansion ARR

Clarify whether account executives or customer success managers get credit for expansion ARR.

4. Handle Churn

Consider clawback clauses where commission is repaid upon early customer cancellation.

5. Use Accelerators

Reward overperformance with higher commission rates above quota.

6. Consider Ramp Periods

New hires may need ramped quotas while they build pipeline.

Related Concepts

To work effectively with ARR, it's useful to know these terms:

  • MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue): Monthly recurring revenue
  • TCV (Total Contract Value): Total contract value
  • ACV (Annual Contract Value): Annual contract value
  • Net Revenue Retention (NRR): Net retention of revenue
  • Churn Rate: Percentage of customers or ARR lost
  • Commission: Variable pay based on sales results
  • Quota: Sales target typically expressed in ARR
  • LTV (Lifetime Value): Total value of customer relationship

Track ARR and Commission with Prowi

Tracking ARR-based commissions manually is complex, especially when handling different products, customer segments, and contract types. Prowi automates the entire process.

With Prowi you get:

  • Automatic calculation of commission based on ARR, TCV, or ACV
  • Handling of expansion, churn, and contraction ARR
  • Flexible clawback rules for early churn
  • Real-time visibility into ARR performance and expected commission
  • Integration with your CRM for automatic data pull
  • Reporting at individual, team, and company level

Book a demo today and see how Prowi can optimize your ARR-based commission calculation.